[理学]高等固体物理-碳纳米管及石墨烯.pdf

专题一：纳米碳管 Outline • What are Nanotubes ? • Fabrication • Properties • Applications • Conclusions What are Nanotubes ? • Discovered by Iijima (1991, NEC) • Rolled up sheet of graphene • Capped at the ends with half a fullerene Multi Walled Nanotube (MWNT) • Concentric tubes ~50 in number • Inner diameters : 1.5 – 15 nm • Outer diameters : 2.5 – 30 nm Single Walled Nanotube (SWNT) • Single atomic layer wall • Diameter of 0.4 – 5 nm Structure of CNT • Chiral vector - Defined on the hexagonal lattice as ˆ ˆ where ˆ and ˆ C na ma  a a 1h 2 1 2 are unit vectors, and m and n are integers. The diagram has been constructed for (n,m) = (4,2) in figure (a). • Chiral angle  , is measured relative to the direction defined by ˆ a 1  2 2  d n nm m 0.078   d : diameter  m m n  arctan[ 3 /( 2 )] m n  metallicintergerif not  semicondutor 3 Nomenclature of the nanotubes Common orientations: • Armchair (5,5) • Zigzag (9,0) • C