[经济学]Week 2 leadership.pptVIP

What Is Leadership? Trait Theories Trait Theories Trait Approach Traits (examples) Extraversion Conscientiousness Openness Assumption: Leaders are born Goal: Select leaders Problems Traits do not generalize across situations Better at predicting leader emergence than leader effectiveness Behavioral Theories Behavioral Approach Ohio State Studies/University of Michigan Initiating Structure定规维度/Production Orientation生产导向 Consideration关怀维度/Employee Orientation员工导向 Assumption: Leaders can be trained Goal: Develop leaders Problem: Effective behaviors do not generalize across situations. Ohio State Studies University of Michigan Studies The Managerial Grid(Blake and Mouton) Contingency Theories All Consider the Situation Fiedler Contingency Model费德勒的权变模型 Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Model (情境领导理论) Assumptions underlying the different models: Fiedler: Leader’s style is fixed. Other’s: Leader’s style can and should be changed. Fiedler Model Leader: Style Is Fixed (Task-oriented vs. Relationship- oriented) Considers Situational Favorableness for Leader Leader-member relations Task structure Position power Fiedler Model: The Leader Fiedler Model: Defining the Situation Findings from Fiedler Model Contingency Approach: Hersey and Blanchard Situational Model Considers Leader Behaviors (Task and Relationship) Assumes leaders can change their behaviors Considers Followers as the Situation Follower task maturity (ability and experience) Follower psychological maturity (willingness to take responsibility) Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory Leadership Styles and Follower Readiness(Hersey and Blanchard) Four basic Leadership Styles by Hersey and Blanchard Telling告知– high amounts of task behavior, telling subordinates what to do, when and how with little relationship behavior高任务低关系-下属无能力又不愿意 Selling推销– high amounts of both task and relationship behavior高任务高关系-下属没能力但有意愿 Participating– lots of relationship behavior and support, but li