简明英语语法教程 培训课件.ppt

* * 简明英语语法教程 第一单元 名词 名词（Noun) 专有名词 London Mary the United Nations 普通名词 个体名词 table, computer,gun 集体名词 family, committee 物质名词 rain, fire, air 抽象名词 youth, success, beauty 可数名词和不可数名词 个体名词和集体名词一般都是可数的，如：two computers a happy family, two football teams. 抽象名词和物质名词一般都是不可数的，如 Translation is an art. 翻译是一种艺术。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声的速度快。 可数与不可数名词间的转化 The trees are now in flower. There’s no school tomorrow. Long Jing is a well-known tea. Two coffees, please. We met with many difficulties. He’s had many odd experiences. 不可数的物质名词和抽象名词转化为可数名词 可数的个体名词转化为不可数的物质名词 不可数名词“一件”、“一个”的表达法 a piece of news(work,information,furniture) a bar of chocolate, a block of ice, a burst of applause（一阵掌声） a fit of anger(一顿脾气）, a loaf of bread, a slip of paper, a(large)sum of money. 补充： 名词的规则复数形式 一般情况加s，如desks, books, girls, 以 s,x,sh,ch收尾的词，加es,如glasses,roses,brushes,churches 以f或fe结尾的词，则一般变为ves,如:wife(wives),bookshelf(bookshelves),wolf(wolves),thief(thieves) 以辅音+y结尾的词，则变y为i，再加es, 如party(parties),city(cities) family(families), university(universities) 名词的规则复数形式 以辅音+o结尾的，一般加es,如hero(heroes),potato(potatoes),tomato (tomatoes), echo(echoes),但有一些外来词只加s，如piano(pianos), radio(radios),photo(photos),studio(studios). 有关字母，数字，缩写词以及引语的复数形式详见书本（略） 名词的不规则复数形式 变内部元音：foot-feet, man-men, mouse-mice,tooth-teeth, woman-women, goose-geese,ox-oxen,child-children. 单复数同形：deer, sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, means,series,等 某些外来词的特殊的变化: curriculum(curricula)课程，bacterium(bacteria)细菌，medium(media)媒体，crisis(crises)危机，basis(bases)基础 复合名词的复数形式 主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by, son(s)-in-law, commander(s)-in-chief,editor(s)-in- chief 等 最末一个构成部分变为复数形式：film-goer(s), go-between(s), good-for-nothing(s), forget-me-not(s)勿忘我 两个构成部分都变为复数：man-doctor(men-doctors), man cook (men cooks), man-writer(men-writers),woman-doctor(women-doctors) woman cook(women cooks),woman writer(women writers). 复数的一些习惯用法 只以复数形式出现的词：trousers, jeans, scissors,glasses,等 往往和“a pair