通信工程 组织化学中的物理微波技术.docxVIP

附 录英文原文及中文翻译（一）英文原文Physics of microwave technology in histochemistryL．P．KOK and M．E．BOON.Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 A V Groningen, The Netherlands Leiden Cytology and Pathology Laboratory, Leiden, The NetherlandsSummaryMicrowave technology has become important in preparatory techniques for microscopy in many different ways. This paper discusses various aspects of the physics of microwaves, It gives some theoretical background to understand the practical procedures. Some peculiarities in the optics of microwaves are pointed out, and the practical implications in particular of choosing the size and shape of samples and containers are discussed. Diffusion rates and chemical-reaction rates increase exponentially with temperature, so that precise temperature control is essential in most histochemical procedures. Such control is complicated by localized heating of the system, and of temperature sensors themselves, which may occur as a result of microwave irradiation.IntroductionSample preparation for histochemistry is an art, based on physical and chemical processes. Microwaves can influence both processes. In this light, a multidisciplinary team in The Netherlands and some other European countries made an effort to look for benefits of microwave technology in all fields of preparatory techniques. Fruits of this effort are described in detail elsewhere (Boon Kok, 1988; Kok Boon, 1990).Knowledge of both histochemistry and physics is needed to exploit the potentials of the application of microwave irradiation in histochemistry. Key factors in all preparatory techniques are diffusion (a physical process) and chemical-reaction rates. They are influenced by temperature increase, and hence by microwave irradiation. The main effect of microwave irradiation in histochemistry is controllable temperature increase. If microwave irradiation is optimally applied, the resulting microscopical images are of superior quality becaus