产业集群创新概念的比较政策——美国和拉丁美洲的经历【外文翻译】.docVIP

本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目： Industry Cluster Concepts in Innovation Policy:A Comparis- on of U.S. and Latin American Experience 出 处：Spillovers and Innovations Interdisciplinary Studies in Economics and Management, 2005, Volume 4 作 者： Edward Feser 原 文： 1 Introduction The increasing knowledge-intensity of production and the progressive elimination of barriers to trade have led many to conclude that a strong base of science, technology,and innovation is essential for sustained economic prosperity (Mytelka and Farinelli,2000). Advanced industrialized countries are responding to increasingly open markets by seeking competitive advantage in general knowledge infrastructure: universities and colleges, public and private laboratories, educated workers, advanced physical infrastructure, and comparatively stable social, political, and market institutions. Interest in innovation is also heightened by fears of an emerging two-tiered economy, that two sectors will come to dominate long-term employment growth prospects in industrialized countries: high skilled technology-intensive activities that are dependent on advanced knowledge infrastructure and low-skilled basic consumer services that serve immediate local market needs (Mowery, 2001). In developing or transition countries, fears of falling further behind the highly industrialized world as well as optimism borne of widely publicized examples of high technology success provide the principal motivation to designing ways to boost innovation and technology-related activity. In this context, of growing interest are the phenomena of high technology industry clusters and their potential value as an innovation policy focus. Mainstream economic theory argues that technology-related activity often agglomerates in specific regions because knowledge spillovers are localized (Glaeser, 2000). Knowledge spillovers一the primary engine in the most recent theories of long-run economic gro