新息图讲课-2009.pptVIP

State Estimation 状态估计包含 -Bad data -- analog measurement 坏数据 --遥测(power flows, voltage magnitude功率、电压值） -Topology errors--logic one 拓扑错误--遥信 （ status of breakers and switchers 开关量） -Sudden load (state ) change--only appears in DSE 负荷突变--只在动态状态估计中涉及 9.5 Dynamic state estimation 动态状态估计 It was proposed in 1970. 基于卡尔曼滤波理论的动态状态估计是于1970年提出来的。 Static state estimation does not consider the characteristic that the system state varies along with time, and calculate system state (V, θ) based on only one time sample.静态状态估计不考虑系统状态随时间的变化特点，对于某一时间断面的测量，来计算其对应的系统状态—节点电压幅值和相角。 Dynamic state estimation considers the characteristic that the system state varies along with time, and forecasts the system state of the next time by the last time’s estimation results as well as the dynamic system model 动态状态估计考虑了系统状态随时间缓慢变化的特点，利用以前的测量值得到的估计状态和动态的系统模型去预报下一时刻的系统状态。 Dynamic state estimation can serve the security analysis better. Since security analysis takes the states of a time sample as consideration objects, the model adopted by Dynamic State Estimation is a quasi static state model. 动态状态估计可以更好地为安全分析服务，安全分析使用的是对于系统运行状态来说具有代表性的时间断面作为考虑的基本情况。所以动态状态估计采用的模型实际上为准稳态模型。 The problem of DSE consists of two parts : filtering and forecasting, so two models are needed. 动态状态估计问题由滤波和预报两个部分组成，二者交替进行，所以需要建立滤波和预报两部分模型。 In the filtering part, the measurement function is the same as that of static SE. 滤波部分采用的测量方程和静态状态估计形式相同 z(k)=h(x(k))+v(k) where k is the time sample, x(k) is the state variable vector at time sample k , z(k)is the measurement vector and v(k)is the measurement error vector with R(k) as its covariance matrix 式中，x(k)为k时刻的状态变量，即电压幅值和相角，z(k)为k时刻的测量向量，v(k)为测量误差，其协方差阵为R(k)。 The forecasting models can be classified in two: one is based on the state variables (V, θ), another is based on bus load forecasting 预报部分模型可以分为两类，一类是直接依赖于传统的状态变量x—节点电压幅值和相角，另一类采用节点负荷预报作为其组成部分。 The system state can be written as 电力系统的状态可以写成