老年冠心病病人非心脏手术的麻醉-.pptVIP

* 血流动力学变化The most common hemodynamic abnormalities observed during ischemic episodes are hypertension and tachycardia. They are almost always a cause rather than the result of ischemia. Hypotension is a late and ominous manifestation of progressive ventricular dysfunction. PA catheters are used less commonly now than in the recent past because several recent observational and randomized studies have noted that such catheters do not improve outcome 经食道超声 TEE 节段性心室壁运动异常（segmental wall motion abnormality, SWMA）较ECG出现早且敏感 Unfortunately, TEE requires expensive equipment and considerable familiarit