[]NOVELL SUSE NCLP 3103课程8.ppt

Course 3103SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 Advanced AdministrationModule 8: Create Shell Scripts Novell Training Services Module 8: Create Shell Scripts Objectives: Bash Basics Use Basic Script Elements Understand Variables and Command Substitution Use Control Structures Use Arithmetic Operators Read User Input Use Arrays Finalize the Course Project Use Advanced Scripting Techniques Learn about Useful Commands in Shell Scripts Objective 1: Bash Basics Bash Basics Before diving into shell scripting, let’s review some of the features of Bash: Bash Command Line Bash Variables Return Values Bash Command Line A command entered on the command line consists of the command and optional arguments: Messages that indicate normal or expected behavior are written to the file descriptor 1, Standard Out (stdout) which, in interactive use of Bash, is connected to the terminal where you entered the command: geeko@da10:~ cp -a Photos /tmp geeko@da10:~ geeko@da10:~ cp -av Photos /tmp Photos/vacation/beach.jpg - /tmp/Photos/vacation/beach.jpg ... Bash Command Line (continued) The error message is written to the file descriptor 2, Standard Error (stderr) which, in interactive use is also connected to the terminal where you entered the command: To redirect stdout to a file, you use the operator (or to append to a file): geeko@da10:~ cp -av Fotos /tmp cp: cannot stat `Fotos: No such file or directory geeko@da10:~ geeko@da10:~ cp -av Photos /tmp output.txt geeko@da10:~ cat output.txt Photos/vacation/beach.jpg - /tmp/Photos/vacation/beach.jpg ... Bash Command Line (continued) To redirect stderr, you use the 2 operator: You can also redirect stdout and stderr to separate files in one command line: geeko@da10:~ cp -av Fotos /tmp 2 error.txt geeko@da10:~ cat error.txt cp: cannot stat ’Fotos’: No such file or directory geeko@da10:~ geeko@da10:~ cp -av Fotos Photos /tmp output.txt 2 error.txt geeko@da10:~ Bash Command Line (continued) It is also possible to redirect stdout and stderr to on