第2章数据通信系的统---2.4TCPIP.ppt

* Layer 3 of 4 Emphasize: In layer 3, host sends an ARP reply with its MAC address to host . * Layer 4 of 4 Emphasize: In layer 4, the bulleted items at the bottom of the slide appear. ARP provides translation between network and data link layers. Discuss why it is necessary to have a mechanism like ARP. Describe ARP operation. Not all protocols use ARP. Some use other methods for address translation. Note: For the message to be transmitted uniquely to a single interface on the multiaccess link, it is necessary to build a frame with the unique MAC address of the interface. * Layer 1 of 4 Purpose: This figure explains how RARP works. In layer 1, the host on the left needs its IP address. It sends a RARP request with its MAC address. * Layer 2 of 4 Emphasize: In layer 2, the host on the right, functioning as a RARP server, maps the MAC address to an IP address. * Layer 3 of 4 Emphasize: In layer 3, the host on the right sends the IP address to the requester in a RARP reply message. * Layer 4 of 4 Emphasize: In layer 4, the bulleted items appear at the bottom of the slide. RARP is used to boot diskless workstations over a network. * Purpose: This figure introduces the protocols used at the transport layer. Emphasize: TCP is one protocol within the protocol suite of TCP/IP. TCP is an acknowledged transport-layer protocol. However, TCP has a large header so there is much overhead. UDP is unacknowledged. By eliminating all of the acknowledgement mechanisms, UDP is fast and efficient. UDP does not divide application data into pieces. Reliability is assumed to be handled by the upper-layer protocols, by a reliable lower-layer protocol, or by an error-tolerant application. UDP does have a smaller header and less overhead. * Layer 1 of 3 Emphasize: Host A begins by sending a SYN segment indicating that host A will use sequence numbers starting with sequence number 100. TCP is a simple protocol in terms of connection establishment. Some protocols have dozens of