[经济学]2宏观经济学第13章.pptVIP

曲线特征： 凯恩斯消费函数（绝对收入理论） （1）相对收入消费理论 杜森贝利（Duesenberry J S），1949 年， （2）生命周期消费理论 莫迪利安尼（Modigliani F）等人 ，1949年，也被称为Ando – Modigliani 消费理论.1985诺奖获得者。 （3）永久收入的消费理论 弗里徳曼（Friedman M），1957 年，1976年诺奖获得者。 例：消费函数 , （定量税）， 三、政府转移支付乘数 比例税 （1）比例税税收对均衡国民收入的作用； （2）如果税率发生变化，情况会怎么样？ （3）如果税收（t）满足下式呢？ 三部门经济 乘数过程 消费函数和储蓄函数 消费函数和储蓄函数 边际消费倾向和边际储蓄倾向 消费函数与储蓄函数的移动 消费函数与储蓄函数的移动 美国的消费函数 计划总支出 a 0 0.75 0.5 0.55 1.2 0.0 3 b 2 2.25 0.5 0.55 1.2 0.5 4 c 4 3.75 0.5 0.55 1.2 1.0 5 d 6 5.25 0.5 0.55 1.2 1.5 6 e 8 6.75 0.5 0.55 1.2 2.0 7 f 10 8.25 0.5 0.55 1.2 2.5 8 计划总支出 均衡支出 均衡支出 乘 数 Instructor Notes: 1) The marginal propensity to consume, MPC, is equal to the change in consumption expenditure divided by the change in disposable income, other things remaining the same. 2) It is measured by the slope of the consumption function. 3) In the graph, the MPC is 0.75. Instructor Notes: 1) The marginal propensity to save, MPS, is equal to the change ins saving divided by the change in disposable income, other things remaining the same. 2) It is measured by the slope of the saving function. 3) In the graph, the MPS is 0.25. Instructor Notes: A rise in the real interest rate or a decrease in either the purchasing power of net assets or expected future income shifts the consumption function downward from CF0 to CF2 and shifts the saving function upward from SF0 to SF2. Instructor Notes: A rise in the real interest rate or a decrease in either the purchasing power of net assets or expected future income shifts the consumption function downward from CF0 to CF2 and shifts the saving function upward from SF0 to SF2. Instructor Notes: 1) Each blue dot shows consumption expenditure and disposable income for a particular year. 2) The lines CF0 and CF1 are estimates of the U.S. consumption function in 1970 and 1996, respectively. 3) Here, the (assumed) marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. Instructor Notes: 1) The aggregate expenditure s