[医学]医学微生物课件.pptVIP

CHAPTER 9 sterilization disinfection A-prof. Yang Haibo Dept. of medical Microbiology A 巴氏消毒法 B 滤过除菌法 C 漂白粉消毒法 D高压蒸汽灭菌法 E 干烤法 F 紫外线照射法 G 间歇灭菌法 H 流通蒸汽法 1 患者排泄物消毒 2 牛奶与酒类消毒 3 普通培养基灭菌 4 烧伤病房、手术室空气消毒 5 不耐高温的血清、抗生素等物品除菌 6 手术敷料等耐高温、耐湿物品灭菌用 7 杀灭细菌芽胞的最常用和有效的方法是 8 玻璃器皿的灭菌 Agents infect bacteral growth Physical agents Temperature, radiation, filtation Chemical agents disinfector Biologycal agents antibiotics Disinfection 消毒 killing, or removal of M. that may cause disease 杀死物体上病原微生物的方法，但不一定能杀死细菌芽孢和非病原微生物 消毒剂：用于消毒的化学药物 Sterilization 灭菌 Completely destroys or removes all microbial life including spores, nonpethogens Bacteriostasis 抑菌 Inhibit the growth of B. antibiotics The B.can still gowth after removal of agents Antisepsis 防腐 inhibits the growth of M. in or on living tissue Aseptic 无菌的 Absence of pathogenic microbes aseptic technique 无菌操作 防止微生物进入人体或其他物品的操作技术 Methods for control of microorganisms Physical methods Heat Hot-air sterilizer Autoclaving Radiation Filtration Ultrasound Dryness Low temperature Chemical agents Section 1 physical sterilization and disinfection  Physical agents heat radiation filtration ---- Remove organisms Ultrasonic 超声波 and sonic vibrations 声振动 Freezing heat Dry heat Moist heat moist heat sterilizes at a lower temperature than dry heat Dry heat Incineration 燃烧 Direct flames Hot-air sterilizer 灭菌器 160-170?C for 2 hours----spores Glass petri dishes and pipettes Infrared 红外线 microwave For glassware and materials impervious 不渗透的 to steam Kill of all organisms, including the spore formers Moist heat Two methods: 62 ℃ for 30 minutes 72 ℃ for 15-30 seconds to kill particular spoilage 变质organisms or pathogen