[工学]第4章DataBase.ppt

An Introduction to Database System Chapter 4 Relational System and Query Optimization关系系统及其查询优化 4.1 Relational System关系系统 4.2 Query Optimization关系系统的查询优化 4.3 Summary小结 4.1 Relational System关系系统 The DBMS which can support relational model to some extent is relational system.能够在一定程度上支持关系模型的数据库管理系统是关系系统。 Not all parts of the relational model share same significance.由于关系模型中并非每一部分都是同等重要的 It’s not required that an actual relational system must support relational model completely.并不苛求一个实际的关系系统必须完全支持关系模型。 Relational Model 关系模型 Data Structure 关系数据结构 Domain and the relation defined in domain, that is the table.域及域上定义的关系 Relational Operations 关系操作 Union, Intersection, difference, Extended Cartesian Product, Selection, Project, join, divide并、交、差、广义笛卡尔积、选择、投影、连接、除等 Relational Integrity关系完整性 Entity Integrity, Referential Integrity , user-Defined Integrity实体完整性、参照完整性、用户自己定义的完整性 Definition关系系统的定义 A DBMS can be defined as a relational system, only when it supports:一个数据库管理系统可定义为关系系统，当且仅当它至少支持 1. Relational database (Relational Data Structure)关系数据库（即关系数据结构） There is only table structure in the system.系统中只有表这种结构 2. Support selection, projection , and( natural ) join operations.支持选择、投影和（自然）连接运算 Users needn’t define any physical access path to these operations.对这些运算不要求用户定义任何物理存取路径 The minimum request to the relational system.对关系系统的最低要求 Definition (Cont.) Systems not supporting relational data structure can not be called as relational system.不支持关系数据结构的系统显然不能称为关系系统 A system can not be called as relational system if the system only supports relational data structure while it doesn’t support selection, projection, and join operation.仅支持关系数据结构，但没有选择、投影和连接运算功能的系统仍不能算作关系系统。 Reason: It can’t improve users’ productivity.原因：不能提高用户的生产率 Definition (Cont.) A system still can not be called as a real relational system if it supports selection, projection, and join operations while at the same time it requires to define physical access path.支持选择、投影和连接运算，但要求定义物理存取路径，这种系统也不能算作真正