(麻省理工)化学振荡器.pdfVIP

5.60 Spring 2005 Lecture Summary #32 page 1 Chemical Oscillators 1) General: Most (all) reactions we have discussed so far approach equilibrium more or less exponentially. Specifically, for a Normal Reaction: [A],[B] α f (e-kt, 1- ekt) There is a large and important class of reactions, which, when they are far from equilibrium, display oscillatory behavior! In an oscillating reaction [A],[B] α g (sinφt, cosφt) Examples: . Heartbeat rhythm . Glycolysis Glucose + ADP → 2 ATP . Briggs-Rauscher Reaction . Belousov-Zhabotinskii Reaction (B-Z) . Biology 5.60 Spring 2005 Lecture Summary #32 page 2 2) Autocatalysis -- In order to have an oscillator, there must be a feedback mechanism present. In chemical systems this constraint is often satisfied with autocatalytic reactions that is, reactions where the product B is one of the reactants ! A + B k 2B d A - = k A B A 0 - A = B - B 0 dt B = A + B - A 0 0 d A = kdt A A - A 0 - B 0 Integrating by partial fractions yields 1 ln A B 0 = kt A + B A B 0 0 0 A + B B =