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红色为教材选项 绿色为可能替换选项 第十三篇?Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light更有效的太阳能系统：更多热量，更强灯光 Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs,?generate（动词，表示产生）?both heat and electricity, but?__1__ now（表示直到现在）?they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part?compared to（与……比较）?a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because theyoperate（动词，表示工作）?at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more __2__ but isn’t a very?efficient（形容词，表示有效的）?way to gather heat. 太阳能光伏热能系统，也叫PVT，能够生成热量和电能。与太阳热能单机收集器相比，传统太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率不是很高。原因是，为了使晶体硅太阳能电池冷却，该系统在低温下工作。因此，硅体能产出更多的电能，却不能有效地产生热量。 That’s a problem of __3_ . Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system?at a substantially lower __4__(at cost成本方面). And it，s also a?space problem（名词，空间问题，注意space）：photovoltaic cells can?take up(词组，表示占据)?all the space on the roof,?leaving（动词，留给）?little room for thermal applications.In?a pair of studies（量词，一项研究）, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a __5__ in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in?Californiaand Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s?University,?Canada. 第一，经济问题。好的太阳能热水系统比太阳能电力系统收集的能量更多，而且成本低得多。第二，空间问题。光电管占去屋顶的所有的空间，几乎没有空间留给热能的产出。在一项研究中，材料科学与工程副教授Joshua Pearce找到了一个解决方案：用另外一种硅制成PVT来解决效能问题。他的合作者有：来自加利福尼亚ThinSilicon的Kunal Girotra和加拿大皇后大学的?Michael Pathak?和?Stephen Harrison。Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, __6__ known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much?electricity, but they are?lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they __7__ much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are __8__ to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski?effect. 大部分太阳能电池板是由晶体硅制成，但是，你也可以用非晶硅制成太阳能电池，这种非晶体