油砂资源分布及开采技术.docVIP

油砂资源分布及开采技术综述 摘要：油砂是一种重要的非常规石油资源，世界油砂资源折算为油砂稠油约4000×108t，大于天然石油探明储量。世界上最大的油砂矿在加拿大西部的沉积盆地，总储量约占世界储量的50%。委内瑞拉也拥有巨大的油砂稠油资源，其次为俄罗斯和美国等，中国的油砂资源尚未经详细勘察。油砂的结构可以分为亲水性和亲油性两类，亲水性油砂较易将稠油与固体颗粒分开，而亲油性油砂则较难将稠油与固体颗粒开。油砂开发、稠油提取以及油砂干馏主要有露天开发和稠油提取、油砂干馏、地下就地提取稠油三类工艺。工业上油砂露天开采、经热碱水抽提制取的稠油了直接出售，也可加工改质制成合成原油或轻质油品出售，加工改质主要有延迟化和流化焦化两种工艺流程。目前世界上只有加拿大有大规模的油砂开发和提取油及稠油加工工业，阿尔伯达省油砂稠油等油品的总产量达到130×104bbl/d，占加拿大总原油产量的45%，盈利较丰厚。美国有几家公司正在进行美国油砂的提取研究和中型试验，尚无工业生产。中国石油大学等进行了中国及其他一些国家砂的抽提和干馏研究；中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院等进行了中国油砂抽提和干馏等研究及中试。中国三大石油公司都涉足加拿大油砂工业的开发利用。本文论述了油砂资源的分布、开采方法和油砂的分离方法，可为我国油砂的和利用提供有益的信息，促进油砂开采及加工分离技术的发展。 关键词:油砂；循环蒸汽刺激法(CSS)；蒸汽辅助重力泄油法(SAGD)；露天开发；就地开采；油砂分离技术 Resource distribution and exploitation of oil sands technology Review Abstract：The oil sands is an important unconventional oil resources, the worlds oil sands resources are converted into oil sands, heavy oil of about 4000 × 108t, greater than the natural oil proved reserves. The worlds largest oil sands in western Canada sedimentary basin, the total reserves of about 50 percent of world reserves. Venezuela has huge resources of oil sands, heavy oil, followed by Russia and the United States, Chinas oil sands resources has not been a detailed investigation. The structure of the oil sands can be divided into hydrophilic and lipophilic two types of hydrophilic oil sands easier to separate heavy oil and solid particles, lipophilic oil sands is more difficult to open the heavy oil and solid particles. Oil sands development, the dry distillation of heavy oil extraction and oil sands open development and heavy oil extraction, the dry distillation of oil sands underground, in situ extraction of heavy oil three types of technology. Industrial oil sands open pit mining, sold directly by the hot alkaline extraction preparation of heavy oil can be processed, but also made ??of modified synthetic crude oil or light oil for sale, processing modified delay and fluidized coking two kinds of process. World, only Canada has a large-scale oil sands development