空间光通信毕业论文.doc

本科生毕业 空间光通信光学系统设计 The Design of Optical System of Spatial Optical Communication 专 业 测控技术与仪器 毕 摘 要 论文主要研究了光学天线系统的设计原理及方法，设计出一套中心波长为 1550nm波段的光学天线系统，对设计的系统进行了加工实现、测试及性能分析。 本论文的研究内容如下： (1)介绍了光学系统的设计方法，对非球面光学零件应用和光学特性进行了分析。通过对各种常见光学天线的结构、成像质量进行对比分析，本论文确定在该光学天线系统的设计中采用卡塞格伦天线。 (2)通过对卡塞格伦天线结构的建模分析和光学设计软件Zemax的应用，优化设计出主镜和次镜均为非球面镜、中心波长为 1550nm、视场角为 1°的卡塞格伦光学天线，并对卡塞格伦天线离焦对天线发散角的影响、增益、准直特性、成像质量及传输效率进行了分析。 (3)利用 Zemax 优化设计了收发合一的光学天线系统。在系统中，利用分色镜和分束镜实现收发隔离及多光路需求。对各个光学元件的材料进行了分析和选择。 关键词：空间光通信 光学系统设计 光学天线 增益 偏轴 Abstract The design principle and methods of optical antenna systems have been researched in this paper. An optical antenna system with the central wavelength located in 1550nm has been designed. The system has been realized by manufacture and test. The main contents are as follows: 1. The methods of optical systems design have been introduced, meanwhile, the application and optical properties of aspheric optical parts have also been analyzed. 2. By the analysis of Cassegrain antenna structure and Zemax, the 1° field angle Cassegrain antenna, whose primary and secondary mirrors are aspheric, has been designed. Its properties have been analyzed, such as gain, image quality, collimation characteristic, and transmission efficiency. 3. The optical antenna system in transceiver has been designed by means of Zemax. The system can realize the functions of transmitter-receiver isolation and multi-light ways using dichroic mirrors and beam splitting prisms. The materials ofoptical elements have been analyzed and selected. Keywords: Space optical communication；Optical system design；Optical antenna；Gain；Partial axis目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 第1章 绪论 1 1.1 课题来源及研究目的意义 1 1.1.1 空间光通信的优势 1 1.1.2空间光通信的国内外发展现状 2 1.2 本文采取的研究路线 4 1.3 空间光通信的主要技术指标 4 第2章 空间光通信中光学天线系统设计原理 5 2.1 光学系统设计概述 5 2.1.1 光学系统设计的发展概况 5 2.1.2 光学系统设计的过程 5 2.1.3 光学系统初始结构的确定方法 6 2.1.4 光学系统设计软件 6 2.2 非球面光学零件理论 7 2.2.1 非球面光学零件的应用 7 2.2.2 二次曲面的数学表达式及光学性质 7 2.3 光学天线 9 2.3.1 透射式光学天线 9 2.3.2 反射式光学天线 10 2.3.3 自由空间的传输