一阶微分方程的初等解法论文-肖姗姗精品.doc

目 录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………1 关键词…………………………………………………………………………………………1 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………1 Key words……………………………………………………………………………………1 引言……………………………………………………………………………………………1 1 变量分离微分方程与变量代换……………………………………………………………1 1.1 变量分离方程……………………………………………………………………………1 1.2 可化为变量分离方程的类型……………………………………………………………2 2 线性微分方程与常数变易法………………………………………………………………5 3 恰当微分方程与积分因子…………………………………………………………………8 3.1 恰当微分方程……………………………………………………………………………8 3.2 积分因子………………………………………………………………………………10 4 可解出y（或x）的方程的解法…………………………………………………………11 结论…………………………………………………………………………………………14 致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………14 参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………14 一阶微分方程的初等解法 数学与应用数学专业学生 肖姗姗 指导教师 刘爱晶 摘要：主要对一阶微分方程的初等解法及其与若干应用进行了研究，把微分方程的求解问题化为积分问题，应用到实际中，用理论指导实践，由抽象总结出具体规律，加深对所学知识的理解.对于一般的一阶微分方程没有通用的初等解法，仅对若干能有初等解法的方程类型及求解的一般方法进行了调查，这是常微分方程发展初期数学家的辛勤成果.讨论的主要类型有：变量可分离方程、可化为变量可分离方程的类型、齐次方程、一阶线性微分方程；在解决这些类型的一阶常微分方程时，用到的方法有：变量分离法和一阶线性方程的常数变易法． 关键词：变量微分方程 恰当微分方程 常数变易法 积分因子. The Elementary Solution of First-order Differential Equations Student majoring in Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Xiao Shanshan Tutor Fen Guanghui Abstract：Some related solutions of the first-order differential equations and its several applications are mainly discussed, through different methods to solve this important technology for the application of integration. Theories to guide practice, from the abstract into concrete laws, so as to enhance the understanding of the knowledge.In most of the first order differential equations,there are not general elementary methods. Firstly the basic concept of differential equations are introduced .on such a basis,the solutions of the first-order differential equations are introduced including the main types such as variable and separable equations,the equations which can be translated into the variable and separable equations, homogeneous equations and the first-order linear differential equations.To solve such types of first-order differential equati