静止图像压缩技术的算法研究.doc

静态图像压缩算法研究 摘 要:针对传统BMP格式静态图像占用空间大，传输速率低的缺点，提出高压缩率静态图像JPEG标准的编码方法。并详细介绍该编码方法的采样、离散余弦变换、量化和熵编码等主要步骤，并通过Visual C++编程实现BMP 格式图像到JPEG 格式图像转换。试验结果验证JPEG 标准在静态图像压缩中的优越性，使得JPEG 标准图像在数码相机、网络方面具有更广泛应用。 目前的JPEG图像压缩标准，在中高码率上压缩效果较好，然而在低码率的情况下，重构图像存在严重的方块效应，不能很好地适应网络传送图像的需要。为了解决上述问题，国际标准化组织(ISO)制定了新一代图像压缩标准：JPEG2000 (编号为ISO．15444)。本文就是根据已形成国际标准进行了分析和研究。 关键词: JPEG 标准，采样，离散余弦变换，量化，熵编码，JPEG2000，离散小波变换，EZW算法 Research of static image compression algorithm Abstract: In view of the traditional BMP image takes more space and has lower transmission speed，this paper mainly introduces coding method of the baseline JPEG standard. It includes several steps，which are sampling，discrete cosine transform，quantification and entropy coding etc. Finally，BMP image is converted into JPEG image with Visual C++，and experimental results demonstrate the superiority of JPEG standard in image compression. As a result，JPEG standard image will have a more widespread application in the digital camera and the network. At present， the JPEG stationary picture compressing standard has a good compressing performance at middle and high coil pressing rate． But there exists a serious diamond effect at low compressing rate．However，JPEG standard cannot very well make the needs Of transmitting mages by networks at low compressing rate．In order to solve the issue mentioned above，the international standard organization (IS0) has laid down the new generation stationary picture compression standard： The JPEG2000(serial number is ISO - 15444)． This thesis analyses and studies ISO15444 that has been formed the international standard． Key words: JPEG standardsampling, discrete cosine transform, quantification, entropy coding , JPEG2000, Discrete Wavelet Transform, EZW arithmetic 第一章 JPEG 随着多媒体技术的发展，静态图像的应用更广泛，但存在数据量过于庞大的问题。例如，一张A4（210 mm×297 mm）幅面的照片，若用中等分辨率（300 dpi）的扫描仪按真彩色扫描，其数据量共有（300×210/25.4）×（300×297/25.4）个像素，每个像素占3个字节，其数据量为26 M 字节。这样大容量的图像信息会给存储器的存储容量、通信干线信道的带宽以及计算机的处理速度增加极大压力。因此，必须压缩图像。本文提出一种基于JPEG 标准的静态图像压缩算法。 1 JPEG