钻石与石墨的区别0446Objective-华译网翻译公司.PDFVIP

翻译样稿 北京华译网翻译公司 Difference between diamond and graphite 04.46 钻石与石墨的区别 04.46 Objective: 目的： To study the structures and properties of diamond and graphite Diamond and graphite are the two naturally occurring allotropes of carbon. These allotropes differ in many properties. For example, diamond is a hard and shiny substance, which does not conduct electricity. On the other hand, graphite is a soft and slippery, black coloured substance, which conducts electricity. The difference in their properties arises due to different structures of these allotropes. 研究钻石与石墨的结构和性质 钻石和石墨为自然界存在的碳同素异形体。这些同素异形体性质差别很大。例如， 钻石为坚硬和闪光物质，且不导电。与之相反，石墨软且滑，为黑色且导电。其性质不 同是因为同素异形体的结构不同。 Structure and properties of a diamond: When an electric current is passed through a diamond, the bulb does not glow. We all know that free electrons are responsible for conduction of current in solids. In a diamond, the electronic configuration of carbon is (2,4) that is it contains 4 electrons in its outermost orbit. It shares all the 4 electrons with 4 other carbon atoms. So, there are no free electrons left in the carbon atoms. Thus, the diamond is a bad conductor of electricity. 钻石的结构和性质 若电流通过钻石，灯泡不亮。众所周知固体电流传导与自由电子有关。钻石的碳 原子电子构型为（2,4 ），即其最外层轨道有4 个电子。其与另外四个碳原子共用所有 四个电子。于是，碳原子没有剩余的自由电子。因此，钻石为电的不良导体。 When a force is applied on a diamond, it does not break, as in a diamond, carbon atoms are bonded by very strong covalent bonds to each other, to form a strong tetrahedral structure. When an external force is applied, this rigid network does not allow these atoms to move from their position and thus, diamond can resist the external force. This makes the diamond very h