雷射原理雷射原理.PDFVIP

雷射原理 雷射原理 雷射原理 The Principle of Laser The Principle of LaserThe Principle of Laser 授課教授: 林彥勝 博士 授課教授: 林彥勝 博士 E-mail: yslin@mail.isu.edu.tw E-mail: yslin@mail.isu.edu.tw Contents Contents Contents Energy Level(能階 ) Energy Level(能階 ) Energy Level(能階 ) Spontaneous Emission(自發輻射 ) Spontaneous Emission(自發輻射 ) Spontaneous Emission(自發輻射 ) Stimulated Emission(受激發射 ) Stimulated Emission(受激發射 ) Stimulated Emission(受激發射 ) Population Inversion(居量反轉 ) Population Inversion(居量反轉 ) Population Inversion(居量反轉 ) Active Medium(活性介質 ) Active Medium(活性介質 ) Active Medium(活性介質 ) Pumping Pumping Pumping Optical Resonator(光共振器) Optical Resonator(光共振器) Optical Resonator(光共振器) Waveguides (波導 ) Waveguides (波導 ) Waveguides (波導 ) 1 The Principle of Laser The Principle of Laser The Principle of Laser 能階(energy level) 能階(energy level) ‧原子的能量是不連續的，是指原子具有 ‧原子的能量是不連續的，是指原子具有 特定的能量狀態，這些能量簡稱為能階 特定的能量狀態，這些能量簡稱為能階 (energy level)。 (energy level)。 *能量最低的能階， *能量最低的能階， 稱為基態(ground 稱為基態(ground state) 。 state) 。 *較高能量的能階，稱 *較高能量的能階，稱 為受激態(excited 為受激態(excited state)。 state)。 2 Radiation Radiation Electrons in atoms can occupy many different energy levels. The further away an energy level is from the nucleus, the higher its energy. So an electron occupying energy level E4 in this picture, would have a higher energy than an electron occupying any of the other three energy levels. Bohr model of the atom Bohr model of the atom According to this model, every atom is composed of According to this model, every atom is