步进电机-时序控制-正反转-调速-毕业论文文献.doc

摘 要 随着数字化技术发展，数字控制技术得到了广泛而深入的应用。步进电动机由于其将电脉冲信号转换成相应的角位移或线位移的微电动机，最突出的优点是可以在宽广的频率范围内通过改变脉冲频率来实现调速、快速起停、正反转控制及制动等，并且用其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价，又非常可行。因此，随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电动机的需求量与日俱增，并且在打印机、手工业自动控制、组合机床、机器人、计算机外围设备、照相机,投影仪、数码摄像机、数控机床等办公自动化设备以及各种控制装置等众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。 步进电机是一种将电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构，它的工作原理是利用电子电路，将直流电变成分时供电的，多相时序控制电流，用这种电流为步进电机供电，步进电机才能正常工作，驱动器就是为步进电机分时供电的，多相时序控制器。通俗一点讲：当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度（即步进角）。您可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量，从而达到准确定位的目的；同时您可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，从而达到调速的目的。 本设计基于Proteus 设计环境，运用了AT89C51芯片、数码管显示电路和步进电机以及7位小功率驱动芯片ULN2003A、按钮、指示灯等辅助硬件电路，设计了步进电机正反转及调速系统。绘制软件流程图，进行了软件设计并编写了源程序，最后对软硬件系统进行联合调试。该步进电机的正反转及调速系统具有控制步进电机正反转的功能，还可以对步进电机进行两档调速。 关键词： 步进电机，时序控制，正反转，调速 Abstract With the development of digital technology, digital control technology has been applied widely and deeply. Stepping motor because of its micro motor electric pulse signal into corresponding angular displacement or linear displacement, its most prominent advantage is that by changing the pulse frequency in a wide frequency range to achieve speed, quick start and stop, positive control and braking, and the composition of the open-loop system is simple, cheap, and very practical. Therefore, with the development of microelectronics and computer technology, the demand of stepping motor grow with each passing day, and in the printer, the handicraft industry automatic control, combined machine tool, robot, computer peripheral equipment, camera, has an extremely wide range of applications in many fields, projector, digital camera, CNC machine tools and other office automation equipment and various control device. Stepping motor is a kind of electrical pulses into angular displacement of the implementing agencies, its working principle is the use of electronic circuit, the power supply will be a DC component, phase sequence control current, the current in the motor power supply for the step, step motor to work properly, power driver for step motor time-sharing, multi-phase sequential controller. Pop