【计算机】CH07 FOCUSING ON USERS AND THEIR TASKS.pptVIP

? Lethbridge/Laganière 2001 Chapter 7: Focusing on Users and Their Tasks Chapter 7: Focusing on Users and Their Tasks 7.1 User Centred Design Software development should focus on the needs of users Understand your users Design software based on an understanding of the users’ tasks Ensure users are involved in decision making processes Design the user interface following guidelines for good usability Have users work with and give their feedback about prototypes, on-line help and draft user manuals The importance of focusing on users Reduced training and support costs Reduced time to learn the system Greater efficiency of use Reduced costs by only developing features that are needed Reduced costs associated with changing the system later Better prioritizing of work for iterative development Greater attractiveness of the system, so users will be more willing to buy and use it 7.2 Characteristics of Users Software engineers must develop an understanding of the users Goals for using the system Potential patterns of use Demographics Knowledge of the domain and of computers Physical ability Psychological traits and emotional feelings 7.3 Developing Use-Case Models of Systems A use case is a typical sequence of actions that a user performs in order to complete a given task The objective of use case analysis is to model the system … from the point of view of how users interact with this system … when trying to achieve their objectives. A use case model consists of a set of use cases an optional description or diagram indicating how they are related Use cases In general, a use case should cover the full sequence of steps from the beginning of a task until the end. A use case should describe the user’s interaction with the system ... not the computations the system performs. A use case should be written so as to be as independent as possible from any particular user interface design. A use case should only include actions in which the actor interac