摩托车单缸平衡轴汽油机怠速撞击声音的改善.PDFVIP

第37 卷 第4 期 噪 声 与 振 动 控 制 Vol 37 No.4 2017 年8 月 NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL Aug. 2017 文章编号：1006-1355(2017)04-0214-04 摩托车单缸平衡轴汽油机怠速撞击声音的改善 王尚礼，刘小林，姚强伟，刘天胜，赵 鑫，谭红梅 ( 中国嘉陵工业股份有限公司（集团）技术中心，重庆 402760 ) 摘 要：以摩托车单缸汽油机为研究对象，用声压传感器在发动机右侧测试，热机状态的声音比冷机的大了1.8 dB (A) 、3.8 sone ，较大声压在工作周期频率(12.5 Hz) 的1～9 阶，用转速表测试发动机的转速变化，热机转速最大变化率比 冷机增大了12.8 % 。将声音与燃烧、温度和转速变化等因素综合分析和试验表明：化油器状态对应配气相位不能适应 空燃比0.97～1.03 ，平衡轴对应的曲柄转动惯量不足，曲轴正偏置使点火角提前，进排气相位提前是声音大的主要原 因。采用提前排气开、推迟进气和增大气门间隙来减小气门叠开角，设计新结构曲柄增大转动惯量，推迟点火角减小 冲击等措施。结果表明：调整机的声音最大降低了2.2 dB(A) 、4.1 sone ，最大转速变化率减小了10.2 % ，主观对比评价 感受：调整机的声音优于原型机。 关键词：声学；汽油机；撞击声音；怠速；曲轴转速变化；频谱分析；声压；响度；方法 + 中图分类号：TK411 .6 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn. 1006-1355.2017.04.043 Improvement of the Knock Sound Quality in Idle Performance for a Motorcycle ’s Single-cylinder Gasoline Engine with a Balance Shaft WANG Shang-li , LIU Xiao-lin , YAO Qiang-wei , LIU Tian-sheng , ZHAO Xin , TAN Hong-mei ( Technical Center of China Jialing Industrial Co. Ltd., (Group), Chongqing 402760, China ) Abstract : The motorcycle’s single-cylinder gasoline engine with a balance shaft was studied. The sound on the right side of the engine was tested by sound pressure sensors. The results show that the sound of the hot engine was 1.8 dB(A)/4.2 sone larger than that of the cold engine, and the larger sound pressure was distributed in 1st-9th orders of the engine function frequency (12.5 Hz). The speed variation of the engine was tested by tachometers. The results show that the maximum variation rate of cran