[经济学]微观 导论.pptVIP

课程要求 课程考核 平时成绩 50%，期末考试 50%。 平时成绩包括 平时考勤 10%， 课后作业 10%， 课堂随机考核或课下市场调查分析 30%。 1  Ten Principles of Economics 十大经济学原理 Economy. . . The word economy comes from a Greek word for “one who manages a household.” 管理一个家庭的人 A household faces many decisions: 家庭面临许多决策 Who cooks dinner? Who gets to choose what TV show to watch? … An economy faces many decisions too. An economy faces many decisions: Who will work? 谁生产 What goods and how many of them should be produced?... 生产什么，生产多少 What resources should be used in production? 生产中使用什么资源 At what price should the goods be sold? 产品以什么价格出售 The management of society’s resources is important because resources are scarce. 管理社会的资源之所以重要，因为资源是稀缺的 终日奔波只为饥，方才一饱便思衣。 衣食两般皆具足，又想娇容美貌妻。 娶得美妻生下子，恨无田地少根基。 买得田园多广阔，出入无船少马骑。 槽头拴了骡和马，叹无官职被人欺。 县丞主薄还嫌小，又要朝中挂紫衣。 若要世人心里足，除是南柯一梦西。 Economics. . . Scarcity means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have. 社会拥有的资源是有限的，因此不能生产人们希望拥有的所有物品和劳务 Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. 经济学研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源 Principle 1: People Face Tradeoffs.人们面临权衡取舍 “There is no such thing as a free lunch!” To get one thing, we usually have to give up another thing. 为了得到一物，不得不放弃另一物 Guns v. butter Food v. clothing Leisure time v. work Efficiency v. Equality Principle 2: The Cost of Something Is  What You Give Up to Get It.某种东西的成本是为了得到它所放弃的东西 Decisions require comparing costs and benefits of alternatives. 决策就要比较可供选择的行动方案的成本与利益 Whether to go to college or to work? Whether to go to class or sleep in? The opportunity cost of an item is what you give up to get that item. 一种东西的机会成本是为了得到这种东西所放弃的东西 Be aware of the opportunity costs that accompany each possible action.每一个可能的行动，都会有机会成本 Principle 3: Rational People Think at the Margin. 理性人考虑边际量 Rational people systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives. 系统而有目的地尽最大努力实现其目标