[其它语言学习]Lecture 5.pptVIP

Lecture 5Changes in Word meaning 讲授题目：Changes in Word Meaning 计划学时：3periods 教学方法：传统讲授法 参考资料：《英语词汇学教程》、《英语词汇学》 所属章节：教材之第五章 教学目的和要求：通过本单元的学习，学生应对词 义变化的种类、词义演变的原因 和过程有较好的了解和认识。 Lecture 5 Type of changes 教学重点： 1) Types of changes; 2) Causes of changes. 教学难点： Five types of changes: 1) Extension; 2) Narrowing; 3)Elevation; 4) Degration; 5) Transfer. Lecture 5 Type of changes ※ Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. Comparatively, the content is even more unstable than the form. Of course, some meanings remain much the same for a long time because the referents to which they direct do not change. Lecture 5 Type of changes (词的形式和内容总处于变化之中，是语言中最不稳定的因素。从比较的角度来说，内容比形式更不稳定。当然有些词的意义由于所指未变而没有发生变化。) Lecture 5 Type of changes ※ Changing in word meaning has never ceased since the language came into being and will continue in the future. Yet no one has been able to systemize the ways in which changes occur. However, there are a few patterns that changes follow. This lecture will discuss in some detail the major patterns and the causes of changes. Lecture 5 Type of changes 1. Types of Changes Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation, and transfer. (1) Extension / Widening (词义的扩大) Extension of meaning, also known as generalization (词义一般化), is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo. Lecture 5 Type of changes It is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized. In other words, the term has extended to cover a broader and often less definite concept. ※ 词义的扩大指词的意义的扩展。这是一个词义从表达某一专门意义到表示概括意义的过程。也就是说，词开始涵盖了更多的意义，比原有的概念的范围更大了。 Lecture 5 Type of changes Examp