Automobile exhaust catalysts汽车尾气催化剂.pdfVIP

Applied Catalysis A: General 221 (2001) 443–457 Automobile exhaust catalysts Ronald M. Heck, Robert J. Farrauto∗ Engelhard Corporation, 101 Wood Avenue, Iselin, NJ 08830, USA Abstract It has now been over 25 years since the introduction of the catalytic converter to reduce emissions from the internal combustion engine. It is considered one of the greatest environmental successes of the 20th century, however, new emission control technologies are still being developed to meet ever more stringent mobile source (gasoline and diesel) emissions. This short review will discuss the basis for improvements and highlight technology area, which will require further improvements in emissions and fuel economy. Some of the issues related to fuel cells which some believe may replace the internal combustion engines for automobile applications is also be briefly discussed. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Catalytic converters; Gasoline; Diesel; Lean-burn engines; Lean-NOx ; Fuel cells 1. Introduction LEV is the abbreviation for low emission vehicle, while the T is transitional, U is ultra and S is super. Since the original clean air act of the 1970s, The NMOG is non-methane organics. substantial improvements have been made in reduc- The year 2000 will see over 500 million passen- ing the engine out and the tailpipe emissions through ger cars in use worldwide with an annual worldwide the application of catalyst technologies. The main production of new cars approaching 60 million. In ad- driver for the future emission regulations will be the