[经济学]国际经济学 萨尔瓦多 英文PPTchapter9.ppt

Chapter 9 Nontariff Trade Barriers and the New Protectionism Introduction Tariffs: historically the most important form of trade restriction other trade barriers: import quotas, voluntary export restraints, and antidumping actions the importance of nontariff trade barriers was greatly increased Introduction Section 2: examines the effect of an import quota and compares them to those of an import tariff Section 3: other nontariff trade barriers: voluntary export restraints and other regulations, trade barriers resulting from international cartel, dumping, and export subsidies Introduction Section 4: arguments for protection from the clearly fallacious ones to those that seems to make some economic sense. Section 5: examines strategic trade and industrial policies Section 7: the outcome of the Uruguay Round, the launching of the Doha Round, and the outstanding trade problems of today (including the anti-globalization movement) Import Quotas the most important nontariff trade barrier a direct quantitative restriction on the amount of a commodity allowed to be imported or exported Import quotas vs. export quotas Effects of an Import Quota Import quotas: protect a domestic industry, protect domestic agriculture, and/or for balance-of-payments reasons. common in Western Europe immediately after World War II used by all industrial nations to protect their agriculture and by developing nations to stimulate import substitution of manufactured products and for balance-of-payments reasons Effects of an Import Quota Effects of an Import Quota free trade: world price Px =$1: consumes 70X (AB), 10X (AC) is produced domestically and 60X (CB) is imported An import quota of 30X (JH) raise domestic price of X to Px =$2: 100% ad valorem import tariff Reason: at Px=$2, an import quota of 30X(JH) P275 vs P239 Effects of an Import Quota the government auctioned off import licenses to the highest bidder in a competitive market the revenue effect: $30($1 on each of the 30X