[经济学]九型人格刘向明.pptVIP

九型人格Enneagram ——从“心”开始认识自我 目录 第一章 什么是人格 第二章 什么是九型人格 第三章 九型人格详解 第四章 人格与能力 第五章 自我提高 2 外显差异的综合 3 The Lexical Hypothesis 词汇学假设 Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) Most salient and socially relevant personality differences in people’s lives will eventually become encoded into language. The hypothesis further suggests that by sampling language, it is possible to derive a comprehensive taxonomy of human personality traits. 分析词汇获得人格特质分类 4 Trait theory’s evolution Gordon W. Allport(1897-1967) and H. S. Odbert put this hypothesis into practice in 1936. 美国心理学家奥波特1936年开始分析词汇 In 1940s, Raymond Cattell(1905-1998) picked out sixteen traits as major personality factors 40年代卡特尔选择16种特质为人格因素 In a 1980 symposium in Honolulu, four prominent researchers, Lewis Goldberg, Naomi Takemoto-Chock, Andrew Comrey, and John M. Digman, reviewed the available personality tests of the day. Lewis Goldberg later coined the term Big Five as a label for the factors. 1980年，戈德伯格提出“大五” Gordon Allport Raymond Cattell 5 OCEAN Big Five 尽责性Conscientiousness 外倾性Extraversion 宜人性Agreeableness 神经质Neuroticism 开放性Openness to experience 6 Criticism对特质论的批评 Personality and Assessment, 1968 personality tests could not predict behavior with a correlation of more than 0.3. 基于人格测试的行为预测，相关性低于0.3。 Walter Mischel (born in1930, Vienna, Austria) Columbia University Social psychologists argued that attitudes and behavior were not stable, but varied with the situation. Predicting behavior by personality tests was considered to be impossible. In 2007, elected president of the Association for Psychological Science. recipient of the 2011 Grawemeyer Award in Psychology 7 维度特性的综合 8 人格维度 9 最近研究 2013.01.03 American Psychologist How Universal Is the Big Five? Testing the Five-Factor Model of Personality Variation Among Forager-Farmers in the Bolivian Amazon, Michael Gurven, PhD, Christopher von Rueden, PhD, and Maxim Massenkoff, PhD, University of California, Santa Barbara; Hillard Kaplan, PhD, University of New Mexico; and Marino Ler