[计算机软件及应用]Chapter 3 The Data Warehouse and Design.pptVIP

* 每个维度都作为一个外键关系存在。 * Complexity of Transformation and Integration Functionalities required as data passes from the operational environment to the data warehouse environment: A change in technology (OS, hardware, …) Selection of data from the operational environment Operational input keys be restructured and converted Nonkey data is reformatted Data cleansing Multiple input sources of data be merged Key resolution when multiple input files exist Default values be supplied Data summarization Renaming of data elements must be tracked Data format conversion … 3.8 * Complexity of Transformation and Integration ETL (Extract/Transform/Load) Automates the process of converting, reformating, and integrating data from the operational environment Two varieties: code producing software (功能更强大；可以以原有数据的格式进行访问) Run-time software（首先需要对原有数据格式进行统一） ELT (Extract/Load/Transform) Transformation can be done concurrently with the reference to large amounts of data 3.8 * Profile Records 数据仓库中数据的特点：包含大量细节性数据；不允许更新，生成快照 当数据内容经常发生改变时，当不要求详细的细节信息时，如何处理？ Profile record is used when there is no need for historical detail of data A profile record groups many different, detailed occurrences of operational data into a single record Difference between profile and snapshot: profile records represent multiple events, while snapshot represent a single event Both profile and snapshot are triggered by some events 3.9 * Profile Records Aggregation of operational data into a single record may take the following forms: Values taken from operational data can be summarized Units of operational data can be tallied, where the total number of units is captured Units of data can be processed to find the highest, lowest, average, and so forth First and last occurrences of data can be trapped Data of certain types, falling within the boundaries of several parameters, can be measured Data that is effective as of some moment in time can be trapped The oldest and the youngest data can be trapped 3.9 * Ma