烧碱工业中减少污染的工艺.doc

烧碱工业中减少污染的工艺 摘要：废水、废气、废渣的治理已成为目前氯碱行业研究的热点。21世纪是绿色环保世纪, 绿色化工是化学工业的必然趋势, 氯碱工业必须朝绿色化方向发展。 概述：烧碱是一种重要的氯碱产品，主要用作化工原料，广泛应用于造纸、纺织、人造纤维、肥皂与洗涤剂、炼铝、玻璃、橡胶、塑料、农药、医药和石油炼制等领域，在国民经济中占有重要地位。世界上烧碱的生产方法主要有隔膜法、水银法、离子膜法以及苛化法4种。采用氨镍法制备烧碱涉及一种钠、钾或一般碱金属的氧化物或氢氧化物,尤其是涉及一种采用氨镍法制备烧碱的工艺。提供一种设备要求较低,生产规模不限,能耗小,制得的目标产物其含氯离子可控制在0.1％以内的低氯烧碱制备方法。将原盐溶解,在除钙和镁后的饱和盐水中加入氢氧化镍吸氨至饱和,再进行复分解反应、过滤、分离出烧碱氨水溶液和Ni(NH3)6Cl2；将烧碱氨水溶液经蒸馏浓缩脱氨,再次过滤即得烧碱产品；将Ni(NH3)6Cl2和石灰乳混合,用蒸汽加热蒸氨,将蒸出的氨回收到吸氨工序,蒸氨后的液固混合物过滤出Ni(OH)2回收,滤液CaCl2溶液经蒸发浓缩得CaCl产品。其特征在于其化学反应式为： Ni(OH)2+6NH3+2NaCl2＝2NaOH+Ni(NH3)6Cl2↓烧碱企业水污染物最高允许排放限值项目 生产方法 级别 最高允许排放浓度，mg/L 吨产品排水量m3/t pH值 石棉 活性氯 悬浮物 　 一级 50 20 70 　 　 隔膜电解法 二级 50 20 150 5 　 　 三级 70 20 300 　 6～9 　 一级 - 2 70 　 　 离子交换膜电解法 二级 - 2 100 1.5 　 　 三级 - 2 300 　 　 planning, and government financing, and whole village relocation, and first built Hou split of principles, insisted big community planning, and large district transformation, break administrative divisions boundaries, optimization town spatial structure, speed up new Community construction, formed new community live building, and intensive with ground project, and enterprise tax insurance running, and Expand employment and improve peoples livelihood shed changed economic chain. The second, on poverty relief and development work in this battle the mission objectives for poverty alleviation in the file are already quite clear, was the previous two years (2016-2017) concentrated hard, three years after (2018-2020), consolidation and improvement, by the end of 2017, the County ... ... A poor village and ... ... Library district all pick hat and five-ten, ... ... All the rural poor out of poverty, stability to achieve two worry about three. To accomplish these tasks, win the battle for poverty alleviation, the key is to find out the way, selecting the right breakthrough, effectiveness in order to work on. (A) to accurately identify objects for poverty alleviation. XI General Secretary noted that the critical time of poverty lies in pre