Hydraulic Transients[水力过渡过程](PPT-58).pptVIP

Hydraulic Transients When the Steady-State design fails! Hydraulic Transients: Overview In all of our flow analysis we have assumed either _____ _____ operation or ________ ______ flow What about rapidly varied flow? How does flow from a faucet start? How about flow startup in a large, long pipeline? What happens if we suddenly stop the flow of water through a tunnel leading to a turbine? Hydraulic Transients Routine transients change in valve settings starting or stopping of pumps changes in power demand for turbines changes in reservoir elevation turbine governor ‘hunting’ action of reciprocating pumps lawn sprinkler References Chaudhry, M. H. 1987. Applied Hydraulic Transients. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. Wylie, E. B. and V. L. Streeter. 1983. Fluid Transients. Ann Arbor, FEB Press. Analysis of Transients Gradually varied (“Lumped”) _________ conduit walls are assumed rigid fluid assumed incompressible flow is function of _____ only Rapidly varied (“Distributed”) _________ fluid assumed slightly compressible conduit walls may also be assumed to be elastic flow is a function of time and ________ Establishment of Flow:Final Velocity Final Velocity Establishment of Flow:Initial Velocity Flow Establishment:Full Solution Flow Establishment:tanh! Time to reach final velocity Flow Establishment Household plumbing example Have you observed the gradual increase in flow when you turn on the faucet at a sink? 50 psi - 350 kPa - 35 m of head K = 10 (estimate based on significant losses in faucet) f = 0.02 L = 5 m (distance to larger supply pipe where velocity change is less significant) D = 0.5” - 0.013 m time to reach 90% of final velocity? V Vf? Lake Source Cooling Intake Schematic Transient with varying driving force Wet Pit Water Level and Flow Oscillations Wet Pit with Area Equal to Pipe Area Overflow Weir at 1 m Period of Oscillation: Frictionless Case Period of Oscillations Transients In previous example we assumed that the velocity was the same e