Introduction to IEEE 802.11 Protocol [教程].pptVIP

802.11n Expected to be finalized by Nov 2009 High Data rates – 300 Mbps or above Improved OFDM Greater Stability Shorter Cyclic Prefix Block Ack Frame Aggrgation MIMO Technology Multiple Antenna WiFi Alliance Wi-Fi Alliance is certifying 802.11n products based on Draft 7 – Nov 2008 Dr. Muid Mufti ID Technologies Dr. Muid Mufti ID Technologies Dr. Muid Mufti ID Technologies DR. MUID MUFTI ID TECHNOLOGIES ISLAMABAD IEEE 802.11 Family 802.11 Variants IEEE 802.11d Additional regulatory domains IEEE 802.11e for improved quality of service IEEE 802.11f to regulate inter-access point hand offs IEEE 802.11i to improve WLAN security IEEE 802.11n Enhanced Speed and Robustness WIRELESS SECURITY IEEE 802.11i Basic 802.11 Security WEP Wire Equivalent Privacy Stream Cipher: RC4 40-bit key+24-bit Initialization Vector (IV)=64-bit RC4 key Basic 802.11 Vulnerabilities No AP Authentication (i.e. two way auth.) Key distribution problem Shared key (i.e. key is the same for everyone) No privilege and permission scheme can be defined One can decrypt others information The secret which is known by everyone is not secret! Pair wise keys defined but rarely used WEP Weaknesses Small IV space (IV Collision Problem) Replay attacks once WEP key is revealed Predictable IV due to poor implementation CRC as integrity checking algorithm RC4 vulnerability to known plain text attack Static keys – in contrast to session / temporal keys 802.11i Open Authentication Pair wise keys Session keys 128 bit keys Enhanced Encryption TKIP DES CCMP – AES IEEE 802.1X Four Way Authentication T