英语句子体系结构构成.doc

句子成分 一个句子的各个组成部分，叫做句子成分，有主要成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语，次要成分定语和状语。除此之外还有同位语、插入语、称呼语和感叹语。 Look, a beautiful blue European bird that is sitting on top of the tree is singing happily in front of my house, with so many other birds listening carefully around her. 句子成分 一个句子的各个组成部分，叫做句子成分，有主要成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语，次要成分定语和状语。除此之外还有同位语、插入语、称呼语和感叹语。 主 语 主语是句子所叙述的主体，说明句子讲的人或事。可以做主语的有： 1、名词 Shanghai is in the east of China. 2、代词 I bought a new book. 3、数词 Three and three makes six. 4、不定式 To see is to believe. 5、动名词 Smoking is harmful to health. 6、名词化的形容词 The old should be taken good care of. 7、主语从句 What he said is not true. 8、形式主语 It is a good habit to get up early. 谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态，由动词承当，一般放在主语之后。谓语动词有实意/行为动词和系动词，实意/行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1. Mary is carefree. 2. The new term will begin soon. 3. I love my motherland. 4. Dad bought me a bike last Sunday. 5. Bill kept us laughing all through supper. 宾 语 宾语用来表明动作的对象或结果，是动作的承受者。在动词之后的叫动词宾语，在介词之后的叫介词宾语。可以做宾语的有： 1、名词 Henry lost his parents in his childhood. 2、代词 Everyone likes her. 3、数词 I want four. 4、名词化的形容词 We should help the poor. 5、不定式 I’d like to have some coffee. 6、动名词 Harry enjoys skiing. 7、宾语从句 I think that you are right. 另外宾语还有 双 宾 语 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，即 1. Pass me the book, please. 2. Fetch me some water. 为了强调直接宾语，上面的句子可以转换成： 1. Pass the book to me, please. 2. Fetch some water for me. 有些及物动词除了接宾语外，还接补足语，即宾语补足语，用来说明宾语的动作、状态或特征，使意思完整。宾语+补语合称为复合宾语。 宾补可以有下列形式： 1、名词 They named him John. 2、形容词 I consider you bright. 3、介词短语 Barry found himself in trouble. 4、分词 I saw them playing football. 5、不定式 I saw them (to) play football. 表语是对主语的补充说明，即表达主语的特征，通常在系动词之后，有下列形式： 1、名词 I