Macropore transport of bromide as influenced by soil structure…受土壤结构影响的溴化物大孔迁移.pdfVIP

Geoderma 108 (2002) 207– 223 /locate/geoderma Macropore transport of bromide as influenced by soil structure differences Sabit Ersahin a,*, Robert I. Papendick b, Jeffrey L. Smith b, C. Kent Keller c, Valipuram S. Manoranjan d aDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat 60200, Turkey b USDA/ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA cDepartment of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2812, USA dDepartment of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-3113, USA Received 30 March 2001; received in revised form 28 September 2001; accepted 8 February 2002 Abstract Macropore transport of chemicals in soil often causes unexpected contamination of groundwater. The effect of soil structure on the functions of various sized macropores was assessed, investigating transport of nonreactive bromide (Br) under matric heads of 0, 2, 5 and 10 cm using undisturbed soil columns from A, Bw and E horizons of a Thatuna silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Xeric Argialbolls). The experimental breakthrough curves (BTC) for Br were described with a two-region physical nonequilibrium model. Greatest macroporosity occurred in the A horizon and lowest in the E horizon. The measured pore water velocity m under saturated conditions ranged from 18.92 cm day 1 in the E horizon to 64.28 cm day 1 in the A horizon. While the greatest dispersivity k occurred in the Bw horizon due to medium subangular blocky and prizmatic aggregates, the lowest dispersivity occurred in the E horizon due to its low macroporosity and massive structure. T