Magnetic moments in biased quantum circuits偏磁量子电路中的磁矩.pdfVIP

PHYSICAL REVIEW B 81, 165202 2010 Magnetic moments in biased quantum circuits Michele Cini,1,2 Enrico Perfetto,1 and Gianluca Stefanucci1,2,3 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy 2Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy 3European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF) Received 23 November 2009; revised manuscript received 16 February 2010; published 9 April 2010 We consider a quantum ring connected to leads and the current which is excited by biasing the circuit in the absence of external magnetic field. The magnetic moment Mring that arises in this way depends on the current distribution inside the ring. We perform a thought experiment in which Mring is determined by measuring the torque due to an infinitesimally small probe magnetic field. This leads to a definition Mring, which is given by the derivative of the grand-canonical energy of the quantum ring with respect to an external magnetic flux in the zero flux limit. We develop the many-body formalism by Green’s-function techniques and carry on illus- trative model calculations. The resulting theory predicts that at small bias the current in the ring is always laminar, that is, the magnetic moment vanishes in linear-response theory. The approach most naturally lends itself to include induction effects by a self-consistent procedure. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.165202 PACS numbers: 73.23.Ad, 72.10.Bg