化工分离过程胡大乔第3章多组分精馏和特殊精馏.ppt

化工分离过程胡大乔第3章多组分精馏和特殊精馏.ppt

化工分离过程胡大乔第3章多组分精馏和特殊精馏

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 过程分析 二、多组分精馏过程 简捷计算---FUG法 关键组分 多组分精馏过程特性 Fenske Nm Underwood Rm Gilliland R、N * 萃取精馏 三、特殊精馏 (1)溶剂作用原理 (2)过程分析 (1)共沸物及其组成的计算 (2)共沸精馏流程 两种特殊精馏的比较 共沸精馏 * 四、多组分吸收 吸收过程分析 简捷计算:平均吸收因子法 * 第三章 完 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Summary However, since both compression and refrigeration of a gas are expensive, most absorbers are operated at feed-gas pressure and ambient temperature. In general, operating P should be high and T low for an absorber, to minimize stage requirements and/or absorbent flow rate and to lower the equipment volume required to accommodate the gas flow. * Summary For a given gas flow rate, extent of solute absorption, operating P and T, and absorbent composition, a minimum absorbent flow rate exists that corresponds to an infinite number of countercurrent equilibrium contacts between the gas and liquid phases. A trade-off exists between the number of equilibrium stages and the absorbent flow rates at rates greater than the minimum value. * 六、吸收剂的选择 Choice of Absorbents (1) have a high solubility and selectivity for the solute(s) to minimize the need for absorbent 溶解度大,选择性好 (2) have a low volatility to reduce the loss of absorbent and facilitate separation of absorbent from solute(s) 挥发度小,易再生 (3) be stable to maximize absorbent life and reduce absorbent makeup requirement 稳定性高 (4) be noncorrosive to permit use of common materials of construction 腐蚀性小 * 六、吸收剂的选择 Choice of Absorbents (5) have a low viscosity to provide low pressure drop and high mass and heat transfer rates 粘度低 (6) be nonfoaming when contacted with the gas so as to make it unnecessary to increase absorber dimensions 无泡沫 (7) be nontoxic and nonflammable to facilitate its safe use 无毒,不易燃 (8) be available, if

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