The Actor Observer Effect Revisited Effects of Individual…演员观察员效果重温个人效果.pdfVIP

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Copyright 1996 by the American Psychological Association, Inc . 1996, Vol. 71 , No . 2, 375-38 9 0022-3514/96/S3.00 The Actor-Observer Effect Revisited: Effects of Individual Differences and Repeated Social Interactions on Actor and Observer Attributions Richard W. Robins Mark D. Spranca University of California, Berkeley Rand Corporation Gerald A. Mendelsohn University of California, Berkeley This research examined several factors hypothesized to influence the actor-observer effect (AOE). Participants engaged in 3 successive dyadic interactions; after each interaction, they rated the im- portance of 4 causal factors in influencing their behavior and that of their partner. The AOE held for 1 external factor, interaction partner, and 1 internal factor, personality, but not for situation or mood. Actor and observer attributions changed in predicted ways across the 3 interactions: Actors increas- ingly emphasized the importance of their partner, whereas observers increasingly emphasized per- sonality; both actors and observers substantially lowered their attributions to the situation. We found consistent individual differences in attributional tendencies that allowed us to predict who showed