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摘 要 飞机在起飞滑跑、着陆接地和地面运动的时候，都会产生较大的撞击载荷。为了避免过大的载荷产生，起落架的设计至关重要。目前，起落架设计在我国还是个薄弱环节。在起落架的设计过程中，研究员除了考虑起落架在飞机静态时的受力外，还需要考虑其在起飞和着陆阶段的动态性能。起落架在飞机起飞滑跑、着陆接地和地面运动时应能承受较大的运动载荷并减缓这种撞击，以便提高乘客舒适性和安全性。 本文根据飞机起落架的基本结构，通过力学分析建立了以磁流变为介质的飞机起落架半主动减震系统的数学模型。应用模糊控制理论，设计了一种模糊PID控制器，对PID参数进行自动调整。实现对减震器系统的半主动控制。应用Matlab／Simulink控制系统仿真软件，对飞机起落架模型进行计算机仿真。通过仿真与被动控制减震系统进行比较，得出前者减震效果明显优于后者。就此，探讨了这种新型减震器在飞机起落架上应用的可行性。 关键词：磁流变液 模糊PID控制 飞机起落架 ABSTRACT When taking off ,rolling, and landing ground , aircraft will have a greater impact load . In order to avoid excessive load generation, the design of landing gear is essential. At present, the landing gear design is still a weak link in China. In the landing gear of the design process, researchers in addition to considering the time of the landing gear in the aircraft static load, but also need to consider the take-off and landing phases of its dynamic performance. When taking off ,rolling, and landing ground , aircraft landing gear should be able to withstand greater load and slow the movement of such impact in order to improve passenger comfort and safety. According to the basic structure of the aircraft landing gear, through the mechanical analysis, we established the mathematical model of the aircraft landing gear of semi-active damping system. Fuzzy control theory was applied to design a fuzzy PID controller ,and to adjust the PID parameters automatically. We have used the Matlab / Simulink control system simulation software for aircraft landing gear model computer simulation, and compared with damping passive control system. The results show that the former has a better damping effect. In this paper, it investigates the new shock absorber in the landing gear on the feasibility of the application. Keywords: magnetorheological fluild ; fuzzy PID controller ; aircraft landing gear 第一章 绪论 1.1 国内外发展现状及趋势 自从1903年莱特兄弟发明第一架飞机以来，航空工业经历了 100 多年的发展历程，其进步日新月异。随着社会的发展与科学技术的推动，人类的飞机设计水平日臻精艺，其运输效率和各项性能指标都有了很大的提高。进入21 世纪以来