毕业设计 毕业论文 基于单片机的智能电池充电器的设计 精品.docVIP

基于单片机的智能电池充电器的设计 PAGE PAGE I 基于单片机的智能电池充电器的设计 摘 要 由于以往的充电器不能根据电池的充电状态进行数据分析，采取相应的电池充电模式，而是一直采用大电流充电，极易造成电池的极化现象，导致电池充电效率较低，使用寿命缩短。基于上述原因本文设计了一种基于单片机的智能电池充电器，该充电器是由ADuC824单片机控制，根据充电电池的充电状态输出一定的PWM脉冲波，进而采用涓流充电，恒流充电，恒压充电和浮充电等四个阶段对铅酸蓄电池充电，并且可以通过单片机的输出端口显示当前的充电状态，在充电结束时自动终止充电，蜂鸣器发出报警声，提醒用户电池已经充满，实现电池充电的智能化。 关键词 智能充电器 ADuC824 TL494 铅酸蓄电池 DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT CHARGER BASED ON SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER ABSTRACT In the past, as the charger cannot be based on the status of rechargeable battery data to analysis it cannot be carried out the mode, which is suitable. It has been using a high-current charge, which is result in more lower efficient for battery charger, reduces service life. Because of it, I design an intelligent charger, which is controlled by single-chip microcomputer. According to the state of battery, ADuC824 single-chip microcomputer will control and output a PWM pulse, in turn, lead-acid battery will be charged through to four-stage charge such as trickle charge, constant current charging, constant voltage charging and floating charge, it can also show the current charging phase through the output terminal of single-chip microcomputer and can terminate charging automatically. A warning buzzer will sound to remind the user that it is already full of batteries. KEY WORDS intelligent battery charger ADuC824 TL494 lead-acid battery 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387384 摘要 Ⅰ HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387385 ABSTRACT Ⅱ HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387386 1 绪论 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387387 1.1 研究背景 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387388 1.2 充电技术的发展概述 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387389 1.3 充电器的技术水平、现状及发展趋势 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387390 2 铅酸蓄电池的工作原理及充放电过程 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387391 2.1 铅酸蓄电池的基本概念 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387392 2.2 铅酸蓄电池的工作原理 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387393 2.2.1 铅酸蓄电池电动势的产生 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387394 2.2.2 铅酸蓄电池放电过程的电化反应 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387395 2.2.3 铅酸蓄电池充电过程的电化反应 7 HYPERLINK \l _Toc232387396 2.2.4 铅酸蓄电池充放电后电解液的变化 7