[理学]材料化学课件 chapter-1.ppt

碳纳米管简介 又叫巴基管，碳的同素异形体 由单层或多层石墨片绕中心按一定角度卷曲而成的无缝、中空纳米管 介孔材料指以表面活性剂形成的超分子结构为模板，利用溶胶—凝胶工艺，通过有机物—无机物界面间的定向作用，组装成孔径在2～50nm之间孔径分布窄且有规则孔道结构的无机多孔材料。1992年美国Mobil公司的研究者首先使用长链烷基季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂做为结构的导向剂，合成了M41S系列有序介孔氧化硅(铝)材料(图1)，发现了这一系列的新介孔材料具有与表面活性剂液致晶体相同的结构，典型的是MCM-41,MCM-48,MCM-50 Application of MOFs 气体吸附及储存 化学分离 药物输送 手性分离与拆分 光催化性能 化学传感器 分子电子学 手性材料的潜在应用 ?1900: human-powered, wood, canvas, leather, power of 50W, weight of 10kg, and cost of ~ US$ 380 1950: electrical powered, mild steel, power of 300 W, weight of 6 kg, and cost of ~ US$150. 1985: electrical powered, mouldedABS and polypropylene, power of 800W, weight of 4 kg, and cost of ~ US$100. 1995: electrical powered, polypropylene, polycarbonate, ABS, power of 1200W, weight of 6 kg, and cost ~ US$300. 单壁碳纳米管 直径为1-6 nm 多壁碳纳米管 直径nm → μm 碳纳米管的发展及研究现状 介孔材料的应用 化学 生物 化工 能源 医药 环境 介孔材料 Object element suppot Rigid open framework K.Uemura et al.J. Solid State Chem., 2005, 178,2420-2429 MOFs 离子交换 离子识别 分子识别与催化 催化降解 * 第一章 绪论 一、概述 The number of materials available to the engineer is vast: something between 40,000 to 80,000 are at his or her disposal. ?Continuing appearance of new materials with novel, exploitable, properties expands the options further. ?How does the engineer choose, from this vast menu, the material best suited to his purpose? Gold Iron Post-it Graphite Salt Wood Rubber Velcro 二、材料的分类 1、按化学组成来分： ?In general, engineering materials are conveniently grouped into different groups such as: metals, nonmetallic inorganic materials (ceramics), polymers, and composites. The materials of a class have features in common: similar properties, similar processing route, and often similar applications 人造橡胶 聚酯、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂 异戊二烯、 ?Low cost ?Hard enough to get clean-cut edge ?Sufficient strength and toughness that it does not break ?Resistance to heat softening ?Wear resistance 金属材料： Tool Steels:Hardenablealloy steels made to special-quality requirements cold 陶瓷材料（无机非金属材料） 高分子材料 复合材料 2、按用途分类： 三、材料的选择： M