电磁学15.pdfVIP

MIT OpenCourseWare 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002 Please use the following citation format : Walter Lewin, 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology : MIT OpenCourseWare). (accessed MM DD, YYYY). License: Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike. Note: Please use the actual date you accessed this material in your citation. For more information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit : /terms MIT OpenCourseWare 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002 Transcript – Lecture 15 We see last time that using Biot and Savarts formula that if you have a current going straight into the blackboard perpendicular to the blackboards that we get a magnetic field at a distance R. The magnetic field tangentially to the circle, B here, B here, and then the strength of that magnetic field equals mu zero times I divided by two pi R. If you walk around this circle, just walk around, and you carve up this circle in little elements DL, and you calculate the closed circle integral, so the closed circle of B dot DL, so everywhere locally you dot B with DL, the B and DL are in exactly the same direction everywhere, then you would find that this obviously is B times two pi R. But B times two pi R equals also mu zero times I. This DL here has nothing to do with this DL here. Dont confuse the two. This DL is a small amount of length in the wire that goes into the blackboard which carries a current. This DL is simply your DL when you walk around this [pause] current wire. It doesnt matter at what distance you walk around. You always get mu zero times I. You see it right in front of your eyes because B is inversely proportional to R. And it was Ampere who first recognized that you dont have to walk around in a circle to get the answer mu zero I, but that you could walk around in any crooked path as long as it is a closed path, someth