[英语学习]4-美国Political Institutions.ppt

R E V I E W American History American History AMERICAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS U.S. Constitution Written constitution is the world’s oldest one. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS I. General Principles II. American System of Government III. Political Parties and Political Elections I. 6 General Principles 1.federalism 2.a vigorous executive 3.a supreme national court 4.checks and balances 5.limited government 6.a mixed government 1. federalism 1. a kind of compromise between unitary and confederate political organizations. 2. a division of power between a central and regional government. 2. a vigorous executive PRESIDENT The framers knew full well the potential dangers of concentrating too much power in one person, but were confident they could avert this danger by building checks and balances into the constitutional arrangement of institutions. 3. a supreme national court The written Constitution would be treated as the highest law of the land. 4. checks and balances 5. limited government All government was to be limited. The national government respects the rights of the states. Both state nation respect the primacy of private sector and liberties of the people. 6. a mixed government No pure democracy Liberty government stability depended on each other. II. American System of Government 3. Federal Judiciary The most important principles 1. federalism 2. separation of powers 3. respect for the Constitution, and the rule of law 1. federalism Subject to two government A. State government B. Union government 2. separation of powers 1. Congress The legislative branch of the federal government. Congress Senate House of Representatives Congress makes all laws. Each state has two Senators, regardless of population, and, since there are 50 states, then there are 100 senators. 1. Congress 2. President 2. President Is elected every 4 years 4-year term of office No more than 2 full terms allowed He must convince Congressmen, the Representatives the Senator