[英语学习]Chapter 3 Critical Thinking.ppt

Lecture 3 Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Also known as “higher-order thinking”, or “problem-solving thinking”. It is Not criticism or rejection of other people’s ideas It is a system of analysis and evaluation used to increase the understanding of any other system. Debate and Critical Thinking Debate provides systems for constructing ideas to support or attack an issue and presenting the ideas orally. As you learn how to debate, You are actually learning critical thinking and you become a better thinker/debater; You will become better enabled to express your ideas orally and you become a better speaker. Debate is Mental gymnastics You build your thinking abilities thru practice and competition A laboratory The best ideas are tested After the debate, evaluations are offered by the judge or the audience. One of the best educational experiences for improving your critical thinking while speaking. Developing Critical Thinking Two necessary things: Tools and practice Critical Thinking Thru Paul-Elder Model PEM is an effective critical thinking tool for debate and also effective with any subject matter or situation. Elements of Thinking Provides aspects for your to analyze your argument. They are the different windows thru which to observe a house. Each will give you a different view in the understanding of what the house looks like inside. Purpose, questions, information, inferences, concepts, assumptions, consequences, points of view. Purpose compare pros and cons of a policy, weigh values, or develop a plan to solve a problem. Questions Major issues involved in the purpose, problems or harms to be addressed, current system isn’t taking care, basis of the values being debated, actions to be taken and benefits of the actions. Information Information for or against the topic, specific experiences, helping or guiding facts or opinions, source of information, accuracy and up-datedness and relevance of the information, quality of the information used by the other tea