[英语学习]lexicology.ppt

Lexicology   Linguistic Study of English Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics What is a Word? A word is a free form which does not consist entirely of (two or more) lesser free forms; in brief, a word is a minimum free form. --- Bloomfield 1933:177-178 Free form vs Bound form Bound form: -ess in countess, lioness duchess -ish in boyish, childish, greenish Free form: I prefer English to French. French Perfume Perfume A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use. --- Antoine Meillet Main criteria of a word sound meaning syntactic function A word: a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form; with a unity of and (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a Eg. The young man left quietly. 词，今指语言组织中的基本单位，能独立运用，具有声音，意义和语法功能。 ---《辞海》 The Development of English Vocabulary The historical perspective The current rapid growth a. Old English/ Anglo-Saxon period (449--1100) b. Middle English(1100--1500) c. Modern English (1500 to the present) --- English : a heavy borrower Neologism? neo- neoclassicism neocolonialism neoimpressionism neonatal neoromanticism a. Marked progress of science and technology b. Socio-economic, political and cultural changes c. The influence of other cultures and languages Nuclear bomb chain reaction, radioactivity, fall-out, clean bomb, overkill, megadeath, neutron bomb, medium-range ballistic missiles Space astronaut, cosmonaut, to blast off, to countdown, capsule, launching pad, space suit, spacemen, space platform, space shuttle Computer software, hardware, input, output, memory, monitor, to process, programming, data base hire purchase, credit card, f