[英语学习]商务情境下的语言与文化.ppt

A Brief Summary 语言是文化的载体。 语言是文化的表现。 语言是文化的折射。 语言是文化的体现。 语言是文化的记录。 语言与文化的关系 The Relationship Between Language and Culture 文化是语言生成的基础。 Culture is the basis for the emergence of language. 文化是语言发展的依据。 Culture is the ground for the development of language. 语言与文化的关系（总结）  The Relationship Between Language and Culture The relationship between language and culture is one of interdependence, mutual influence and double causation. Comparatively, culture covers a wider area and has stronger impact while language is more instrumental and expressive. Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. — Edward Tylor (1871) Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values. Culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other hand, as conditioning elements of future action. — Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn (two American anthropologists, 1961） 文化是由通过符号所获得并传播的显性及隐性行为模式所构成，这种行为模式产生人类群体的特有成就，包括它们在人工制品中的体现；文化的核心部分是传统的（源于历史并经历史选择的）观念，尤其是价值观。文化系统，一方面可被视为人们行为的产品，另一方面又可被看作是规约未来行为的条件。 —克洛依伯、克勒克荷恩(美国人类学家) Culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and to generate behavior. — J. P. Spradley (Psychologist) Culture is the total range of activities and ideas of a group of people with shared traditions which are transmitted and reinforced by members of the group. — CED Culture is the total pattern of human behavior and its products embodied in thought, speech, action and artifacts. Characteristics