全套英文版《计算机网络》PPT电子课件教案-Chapter 6 Multimedia Applications参考.ppt

Multimedia Applications Multimedia requirements Streaming Phone over IP Recovering from Jitter and Loss RTP Diff-serv, Int-serv, RSVP Application Classes Typically sensitive to delay, but can tolerate packet loss (would cause minor glitches that can be concealed) Data contains audio and video content (“continuous media”), three classes of applications: Streaming Unidirectional Real-Time Interactive Real-Time Application Classes (more) Streaming Clients request audio/video files from servers and pipeline reception over the network and display Interactive: user can control operation (similar to VCR: pause, resume, fast forward, rewind, etc.) Delay: from client request until display start can be 1 to 10 seconds Application Classes (more) Unidirectional Real-Time: similar to existing TV and radio stations, but delivery on the network Non-interactive, just listen/view Interactive Real-Time : Phone conversation or video conference More stringent delay requirement than Streaming and Unidirectional because of real-time nature Video: 150 msec acceptable Audio: 150 msec good, 400 msec acceptable Challenges TCP/UDP/IP suite provides best-effort, no guarantees on expectation or variance of packet delay Streaming applications delay of 5 to 10 seconds is typical and has been acceptable, but performance deteriorate if links are congested (transoceanic) Real-Time Interactive requirements on delay and its jitter have been satisfied by over-provisioning (providing plenty of bandwidth), what will happen when the load increases?... Challenges (more) Most router implementations use only First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) packet processing and transmission scheduling To mitigate impact of “best-effort” protocols, we can: Use UDP to avoid TCP and its slow-start phase… Buffer content at client and control playback to remedy jitter Adapt compression level to available bandwidth Solution Approaches in IP Networks Just add more bandwidth and enhance caching capabilities (over-provisio