2018年新课标英语艺考生文化课冲刺总复习课件——语法讲解篇—定语从句.pptVIP

* 高三英语总复习基础部分——语法讲解篇 2.3　高中英语常用语法——定语从句 一、定义及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有 when,where,why,而关系副词往往可以替换为介 词+which 结构。 关系词通常有下列三个作用:A.引导定语从句;B.代替先行词;C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 2.whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。 The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. The man (whom/who) you met just now is my old friend. 注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。 3.which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。 The company which makes computers is far away from here. The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 4.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia. 5.whose通常指人,也可指物,多指代所属关系,常翻译为“……的”,在定语从句中作定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 6.as通常引导非限制性定语从句,意义上等同于which引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词通常为一件事情,但as的位置相当灵活,可放句首、句中和句末,而which只能放在先行词之后。 As is known to all,China is a developing country. He is from the south,as we can know from his accent. John,as you know,is a famous writer. 注意:虽然that在引导定语从句时常常可以和which,who互换,但是在限制性定语从句中某些情况下只能使用that。 1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如: Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. 2.当先行词被