跨文化商务英语课件1.pptVIP

Intercultural Communication in Business Chapter One Culture What is culture? The term was first used in this way by the pioneer English Anthropologist Edward B. Tylor in his book, Primitive Culture, published in 1871.? Tylor said that culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.? Our preferred definition (by Samovar Porter) “Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experiences, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concept of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.” The Culture Iceberg Culture above the waterline. Aspects of culture that are explicit, visible, taught. Culture below the waterline. “Hidden Culture” which are the habits, assumptions, understandings, values, judgments that we know but cannot express in direct way. The Culture Onion Out layer Symbols Middle layer norm and values Inner nucleus layers invisible culture Characteristic of Culture Culture is shared. Culture is learned. Culture is symbolic. Culture is integrated. Culture is dynamic. Culture is ethnocentric. Communication What is communication? Communication can be defined as a dynamic, symbolic, transactional and contextual process in which people create shared meanings or messages. Why? Dynamic? Symbolic? Transactional? Contextual? Business Communication What is business communication? “Business communication is a dynamic, multi-channeled process, which covers internal as well as external communication in a given organization” (Xu, 2001). Patterns of Communication Upward communication Send information from people at a lower level to people at a higher level. Downward communication Information flowing from people at higher level to people at a lower level in an organization. Lateral communication (hor