ANNUAL PLANT REVIEWS Comparative Genomics推荐.pdfVIP

Annual Plant Reviews (2009) 36, 42–75 doi: 10.1111/b.9781405181891.2009.00003.x Chapter 3 COMPARATIVE GENOMICS 1 2 Stefan A. Rensing , Daniel Lang , and Andreas D. Zimmer2 1Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany 2 Plant Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany Abstract: The moss Physcomitrella patens has been developed as a model organ- ism during the last two decades. Analyses of its transcriptome and genome have revealed differences and commonalities with the genetic systems of seed plants. Comparisons with land plants and algae allowed the inference of evolutionary incidents that occurred with the transition of plant life from water to land. The established molecular tool kit and the available genome sequence together enable future research of plant evolution and development. In this chapter, we elaborate on P. patens biology and evolution, give an overview of the analyses that have been carried out in the last decade, and envision future prospects. Keywords: functional genomic; gene history; Physcomitrella patens genome; plant comparative genomic Abbreviations: GO gene ontology KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes LCA last common ancestor SSR simple sequence repeat CDS coding sequence 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Ecology and life cycle The moss Physcomitrella patens is haploid, monoicous and self-fertile. P. patens is an annual opportunist occupying open and disturbed habitats, often close to the waterline. The distribution pattern is disjunct and ap- proximately circum-temperate, with the noteworthy exception of South America. In contrast to the diploid or polyploid seeds of flowering plants, the sexual propagation bodies of mosses are