Carbon and Energy Metabolism推荐.pdfVIP

Annual Plant Reviews (2009) 36, 211–245 doi: 10.1111/b.9781405181891.2009.00009.x Chapter 9 CARBON AND ENERGY METABOLISM 1 2 Mattias Thelander , Anders Nilsson , and Hans Ronne2 1Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75123, Sweden Abstract: As in all organisms, the primary carbon metabolism in Physcomitrella patens provides the cells with free energy and building blocks for the biosynthesis of macromolecules. In particular, carbohydrates play a major role in growth and development in mosses as in other plants, since they are used for storage and alloca- tion of carbon and energy. Reverse genetics in P. patens has recently made it possible to address some key questions concerning the carbon and energy metabolism in plants. These questions include: How is the cellular energy status sensed in order to balance anabolism versus catabolism? How does carbon and energy allocation be- tween cells and tissues work? How is whole-plant energy homeostasis maintained? What is the role of sugars in regulating growth and development? And, finally, how similar or different are these processes in bryophytes and vascular plants? The recent release of the complete P. patens genome sequence has now made it possible to address the last question using a comparative genomics approach. Keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; carbon metabolism; energy homeosta- sis; hexokinase; SNF1; sugar transport 9.1 Introduction Primary carbon metabolism has two important functions in all living organ- isms: to provide free energy in the form of adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), and to provide building blocks for the biosynthesis of macromolecules. One important sourc